God's mercy and subtlety manifest themselves in the invisible guidance of fate, which grants the human being what is better and protects him from evil, which requires humility and gratitude.
The text is an Islamic sermon (khutbah) that deals intensively with the attributes of God as the Merciful (al-Latif) and the All-Subtle. The speaker argues that God's mercy manifests itself in the subtle guidance of fate, the avoidance of evil, and the granting of blessings, often in a way that remains hidden from the human being. It is emphasized that God knows the interests of His creatures and grants them what is better, even if this contradicts their own desire. The Prophet Muhammad is presented as the messenger of this mercy, who leads people from darkness into light. The text calls the faithful to recognize God's subtlety in everyday life, to be grateful for what they have received, and to submit themselves to God. Examples from nature, such as rain, are cited as evidence of God's caring guidance. The sermon concludes with a call to humility, to the avoidance of sins, and to devotion to God's will.
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The same standards apply to every tradition, see Values.
Full text in English
Allah, the Subtle
Praise be to Allah, the Subtle, the All-Aware. Praise be to Him who is subtle with His servants and thus provides for them. Praise be to Allah who is subtle with His creations and thus averts from them the decrees of evil. Praise be to Allah whose subtlety has bestowed upon us abundant blessings, removed from us distress, worry, and sorrow, and replaced them with joys, bounties, and favors. [Indeed, my Lord is Subtle for what He wills. Indeed, He is the All-Knowing, the Wise.]
And I send prayers and peace upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and companions, and peace. Among the subtleties of Allah with us is that He sent him to the two created groups to bring them out of darknesses into light, and from misguidance into guidance. So may the prayers of my Lord and His peace be upon him. He conveyed the message, fulfilled the trust, and advised the nation, so may Allah reward us for him with the best and most abundant reward. Therefore, it is incumbent upon us to follow his guidance, adhere to his path, and fear Allah, the Exalted and Majestic. For there is no prophet who was sent but that he said to his people: [Indeed, I am to you a trustworthy messenger (162) So fear Allah and obey me.] So fear Allah, O believers, that His subtleties may encompass you in this world and the Hereafter.
O believers:
Allah is subtle with His servants. He is the Beneficent toward His servants, doing good to His creations by conveying benefits to them with gentleness and subtlety. Allah, the Exalted, is the One who does good to His servants in secrecy and concealment, in ways they do not know. He causes for them the means of their livelihood and their interests in ways they do not expect. He, the Exalted and Glorified, possesses subtlety, secrecy, and precision in His honor and goodness, in His protection and guidance, and in His decrees and dispositions.
His goodness will not reach you with gentleness unless He is the One whose knowledge extends to the details of matters and the secrets of souls. He is the Subtle One whose knowledge encompasses the inner secrets and the hidden things, and who perceives the unseen and the concealed. Luqman said to his son: [O my son, indeed it, if it should be the weight of a mustard seed, and be within a rock or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it. Indeed, Allah is Subtle, All-Aware.] If His subtlety has reached the point of bringing a mustard seed from the labyrinths of this vast universe, can it not be that His subtlety guides a decree to you? So whatever your dreams may be, and however vast the deserts between you and them, the Subtle One brings them.
Despite His immense power, the greatness of His knowledge, and His insight into His creations, He is subtle in what He surrounds the servant with of guidance, honor, and goodness. His favors do not startle you; rather, He precedes them with winds of glad tidings, and prepares your heart to receive them. Then, when the favors descend upon you, He provides for them causes that precede them, such that their occurrence is smoothed out, as if they were purely the earning of the servant, whereas in reality they are pure honor from the Magnificent of grace and giving. And with His subtlety come great decrees, the occurrence of which most minds imagine to be unlikely; He makes them present and actual. Every thread of that decree is held by a measure of His subtlety, so you do not notice until—close to miracles—it has settled in your domain! You do not know how He was able to cause it, and you are certain that your power and strength are insufficient to cause it, so you look to the sky and say: [Allah is Subtle with His servants.]
If the Subtle One intends to help you, He commands what is not usually a cause, and it becomes the greatest of causes! If the Subtle One intends to honor you, He makes one from whom you do not expect good the cause of the greatest of gifts that reach you! If the Subtle One intends to avert evil from you, He makes you not see the evil, or He makes the evil not find a path to you, or He makes you and it meet and depart from each other, and nothing of it touches you!
Among His subtlety, the Exalted and Glorified, is that when He sends down upon His believing servant a trial, He sends down upon him patience and the expectation of reward; thus the calamity becomes light for him, and he receives the reward.
And if the Subtle One intends to protect you from a sin, He makes you dislike it, or He makes it difficult for you to attain, or He makes you feel alienated from it, or He makes you approach it, and then an intervening matter occurs that diverts you from it!
Just as among the subtleties of Allah, the Subtle One, is that when the soul of His beloved servant inclines toward him along with the harmful desires of the self, He makes it disagreeable to him, so that he barely consumes anything from it; so among His subtleties with him is that He makes the nearnesses sweet for him and makes the acts of obedience delightful for him; so that he inclines toward them entirely.
And among the subtleties of Allah is that He makes your provision lawful, and satisfies you with it, so that you are not preoccupied with it from what you were created for: worship, knowledge, and action. This—and my soul is in His hand—is among the greatest manifestations of the subtlety of Allah with His servant. A little of the lawful, which the servant is grateful for, brings from Allah more, which is better than much of the unlawful or doubtful, which occupies the servant from Allah, the Exalted, and causes the wrath of Allah to befall him.
And among the subtleties of Allah with you, O servant of Allah, is that He gave you more than sufficiency, and tasked you with less than your capacity. So when you look at what Allah has tasked you with and what He has given you, you find that Allah, the Exalted, has tasked you with the little, which is far less than your capacity, and has given you the much, which is above your sufficiency.
For example: Allah, the Exalted, has tasked you with five prayers distributed throughout the day, which you are able to perform, indeed and more than that without fatigue or difficulty.
Allah has given you, O human, O Muslim, a mind and a heart, hearing and sight, health and strength. Contemplate that, and perceive the subtlety of Allah, the Exalted, with you, and do good as Allah has done good to you.
And O servants of Allah, observe those subtleties from the Subtle One, and perceive them with your insights, as if every decree that befalls them is a fingerprint of subtlety that they alone perceive.
He is the Subtle One, the Exalted, who decrees the greatest of decrees with the easiest of matters, and His will is accomplished upon what He wills, and His servant is not aware that anything is happening.
How many situations have occurred to us: We intended to perform a certain deed, but an obstacle and a diversion from Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, intervened. Had we carried out what we intended, a grave affliction would have befallen us, and it was only the mercy of Allah towards us that delayed it.
He is the Subtle with His servant, and for His servant, and subtlety in His attributes is of two types:
Perceiving the secrets of matters through experience, and subtlety at the stations of benevolence.
He shows you His majesty and reveals His subtlety, while the servant is in heedlessness regarding this matter.
The Subtle, exalted is His majesty, is He who knows the details and the obscure aspects of matters, and what is hidden therein. He knows what benefits you to bring it to you—even if its appearance is harm—and He knows what harms you to avert it from you—even if its appearance is benefit. Your closest relatives and your most beloved ones do not know this; therefore, they may perhaps harm you from where they intended to benefit you, because they do not know the details of benefits and their obscure aspects. For this reason, the name of Allah (Al-Lateef, The Subtle) is often coupled with the name of Allah (Al-Khabeer, The All-Aware), exalted is He in His loftiness.
The Subtle, exalted is His majesty, is He who knows all your interests, from their beginning to their end. And it is not only your interests, but the interests of this world and the Hereafter, of jinn and humans, of birds and animals, of inanimate objects and plants, and the interests of all His creation. Then He proceeds along the path of gentleness in delivering these interests to their rightful recipients.
So among the subtleties of Allah with you, O servant of Allah, is that He facilitates the means for you, even if they are distant. The Subtle, exalted is His majesty, when He wills the occurrence of something, prepares its causes and facilitates them. [Indeed, my Lord is Subtle for what He wills.]
So, O servant of Allah:
When you see the earth yellow in patches, then clouds gather above it, then thunder rumbles and rain descends, and that earth trembles and turns green, do not say that such a thing is a natural occurrence. Rather, Allah, by His subtlety towards His servants, directs their sustenance to them, and what they need for their livelihood. And reflect: [Have you not seen that Allah sends down water from the sky, and the earth becomes green? Indeed, Allah is Subtle and All-Aware.] Among the subtleties of the Subtle is that He decrees your sustenance according to His knowledge of your interest, not according to your desire. You may desire something, while something else is better for you, so He decrees the better for you, even if you dislike it; out of subtlety towards you, and kindness, and benevolence. He, the Most High, said: [Allah is Subtle with His servants; He provides for whom He wills, and He is the Strong, the Exalted.]
May Allah bless me and you in the Great Quran, and benefit me and you with the verses and the Wise Remembrance. I say this, and I seek forgiveness from Allah, the Great, for myself and for you, and for all Muslims, from every sin. So seek His forgiveness; indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.
The Second Sermon
Praise be to Allah, the One who said:
[The eyes cannot perceive Him, but He perceives all eyes. And He is the Subtle, the All-Aware.] So, exalted is He and glorified, He is too Subtle to be perceived in terms of modality. And prayers and peace be upon our Prophet, our Messenger, our Imam, and our role model, Muhammad ibn Abdullah, upon him be the best of prayers and the purest of salutations.
As for what follows:
So watch, O servant of Allah, the subtleties of the Subtle. They undoubtedly come in succession. In every decree is some subtlety, and in every moment are subtleties that encompass you from the Subtle, the All-Aware.
Allah brings you in a moment and in a certain place, and suddenly an event occurs which, had it happened, would have become a disaster. But Allah decreed, by His subtlety, that you be the savior of that situation for which you had not made any provision.
And contemplate the subtleties of Allah towards His prophets, peace be upon them. The subtlety of Allah in the release of Yusuf (Joseph), peace be upon him, from prison, and his subsequent rise to the highest worldly ranks, was caused only by a vision in a dream which Allah, the Subtle with His servants, willed for him to see. The outcome of the interpretation of this vision was relief from Allah and an abundance of favors.
And when the Subtle willed to return Musa (Moses), peace be upon him, to his mother, He did not cause a war to arise, led by the rebels of the Children of Israel against the tyranny of Pharaoh, after which the oppressed would return to their previous state. No! Rather, He made the mouth of Musa unable to accept the milk of the wet nurses! By this hidden matter, Musa returned to his mother after her heart had become empty!
And when the Subtle willed to bring out our Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and those with him, from the sufferings of the people of Banu Hashim, He did not send a shout that would shake the injustice of Quraysh. He only sent the locust to eat the edges of the document of injustice and the phrases of the wicked alliance! Thus, they became broken in their injustice by an insect that is barely visible!
O servants of Allah: Among the subtleties of Allah, exalted is He and glorified, towards His servants is that He is gentle with His servants and does not hasten to punish them for sin. So it is our duty towards the Subtle that we fear Him and hasten to repentance and return to Him.
And when you hear, O servant of Allah, the saying of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, about Himself: [Does He not know He who created? And He is the Subtle, the All-Aware], then hold yourself accountable for your words and your deeds, your movements and your stillness, and fill your heart with fear, awe, and modesty before Allah, exalted is His majesty.
And when matters become narrow for you, difficulties befall you, and darknesses intensify around you, remember that Allah is Subtle and All-Aware. He averts sin from you despite the presence of its causes, and He guides you to obedience despite the absence of its causes, and He makes you secure with the life-vest of supplication in the depths of hardships.
O Allah, be subtle with us in Your decree, and bless us in Your giving, and honor us with Your reward.
And after this voyage, does not this Subtle deserve that you love Him? That you contemplate His gifts? That you increase in your heart the remembrance of Him, the awareness of Him, the hope in Him, and the fear of Him? The Subtle, exalted is He, wills good and ease for His servants, and He prepares for them righteousness and piety.
O You, the Concealer of Subtleties, save us from what we fear. O Allah, O Gentle One, be gentle with us, be gentle for us, and decree for us from Your merciful subtleties that which straightens the crookedness of our souls, guides the astray of our hearts, and adorns the disarray of our lives.