Denying Women Inheritance (Sermon)

THE PROHIBITION OF WOMEN FROM INHERITANCE The First Sermon Praise be to Allah; we praise Him, seek His help, and ask His forgiveness, and we seek refuge in Allah from the evils of our own selves and the evil of our deeds. Whomsoever Allah guides, there is none who can misguide him, and whomsoever He misguides, there is none who can guide him. And I bear witness that there is no god but Allah alone, with no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger. May Allah send blessings and peace upon him, upon his family, and upon his companions. He, the Most High, said: "O you who believe! Fear Allah as He should be feared, and do not die except as Muslims" [Al Imran: 102]. And He, the Most High, said: "O mankind! Fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah, through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed, Allah is ever, over you, a Watcher" [An Nisa: 1]. O you who believe! Know that the truest of speech is the Book of Allah, and the best of guidance is the guidance of our Prophet Muhammad, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, and the worst of matters are their innovations, and every innovation is a misguidance, and every misguidance is in the Fire. May Allah protect us and you from innovations and misguidances and from the Fire. As for what follows: O you who believe! The two Imams, al-Bukhari and Muslim, narrated in their Sahihs from Jabir ibn Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with them both, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, said: "My example and your example are like the example of a man who kindled a fire, and the locusts and the moths kept falling into it, while he was driving them away from it. And I am holding you by your collars from the Fire, while you are slipping away from me." And in another narration: "And you are plunging into it." O you who believe! Our Prophet, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, was indeed compassionate and merciful to his Ummah, and he was most eager that the Fire of Hell not touch any one of his Ummah with harm, and that no one of his Ummah taste its heat. And he was driving them away from the gates of the Fire, but many of the people refuse to do anything but plunge into the Fire and cast themselves into it by their falling into the sins that lead to the Fire of Hell. And reflect upon this hadith: your Prophet is standing on the brink of the Fire, holding you by your collars, crying out to you: Beware, beware, of falling into the Fire of Hell, while you are fleeing from his hand and plunging into it. O you who believe! The Prophet, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, only struck this parable for the people of sins, who commit them and think that its Fire will not burn them, just as the foolish moth thinks that the blaze of the fire is a beautiful light, so it follows it with its wings until it falls into it and perishes. So too are the companions of sins and prohibitions; they follow the glitter of the haram and pant after it, until their sins lead them with their feet to a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, and refuge is sought in Allah. O you who believe! The paths that lead to the Fire are many. Whoever dies in disbelief in Allah enters it. He, the Most High, said: "Indeed, those who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists will be in the Fire of Hell, abiding therein forever" [Al Bayyinah: 6]. And whoever dies in polytheism toward Allah enters it. He, the Exalted, said: "Indeed, whoever associates others with Allah - Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire" [Al Ma'idah: 72]. And whoever dies abandoning the prayer enters it. They said about the people of Saqr: "What has brought you into Saqr? They will say, 'We were not of those who used to pray'" [Al Muddaththir: 42-43]. And there are many other paths that lead their companions to the Fire of Hell. In this sermon, we will stand with you at a hidden path, one that many people walk upon without realizing that it is a path leading to the Fire. It is the path of consuming people's wealth unjustly. That you extend your hand to the wealth of your brother and take it without right, and you consider it a gain, when it is nothing but a burning coal that churns within your belly, and in the Hereafter you will burn in blazing fire. O you who believe: Allah has forbidden us from consuming people's wealth unjustly, and we know that this is forbidden upon us. He, the Most High, said: "O you who believe! Do not consume one another's wealth unjustly, nor offer it to the rulers [by bribery] that you may consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin, while you know." [Al-Baqarah: 188]. Reflect upon the meaning of His, the Most High's, saying: "while you know" — meaning you know that the right is not yours, and you know that you are wronging others, yet you proceed to the courts and litigate and argue with a eloquent tongue, turning falsehood into truth! And how many a lawsuit has lasted for years, and one of them knows in the depths of his soul that he is in the wrong, so when it is said to him: "Fear Allah," he responds and says: "The judge ruled in my favor." O wretched one, do you think that the judge's ruling makes the haram permissible?! Listen to your Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, as he said, as in the hadith agreed upon for its authenticity, from Umm Salama, may Allah be pleased with her, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "You will come to me with disputes, and perhaps some of you will be more eloquent in presenting his case than others, so I will rule in his favor based on what I hear. Whoever I rule in favor of with something belonging to his brother, let him not take it, for I am only cutting off a piece of Fire for him." Yes, a piece of Fire, for a span of land that you took from another without a legitimate right, by injustice in inheritance or otherwise. So let not the force of your tongue deceive you, nor the cunning of your argument, nor the multitude of your intermediaries, nor the ruling of a judge who ruled in your favor by appearance while he does not know the hidden realities of matters and their secrets. For Allah knows the secret and what is even more hidden, and He will avenge the wronged from the wrongdoer, even after a time. And in Sahih Muslim, he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Whoever seizes the right of a Muslim by his oath, Allah has made the Fire obligatory for him and forbidden Paradise for him." So the Companions were alarmed and said: "Even if it is a small thing, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Even if it is a twig of the arak tree." A twig of the arak tree! A miswak stick that you take by force without the owner's consent, and you swear a false oath over it, and because of it you are deprived of Paradise, and the Fire is made obligatory for you. O you who believe: Islam has exalted the status of wealth, for it is the foundation of life, the pillar of livelihood, and by it the affairs of the servants are established. And man is innately inclined to love wealth, and Allah, the Most High, has informed us that man is created with a love for wealth. He, the Most High, said: "And you love wealth with intense love." [Al-Fajr: 20]. And because of the great status of wealth, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, stood during the Farewell Pilgrimage, in his last sermon, and said, as in the two Sahihs: "Your blood, your wealth, and your honor are inviolable to you, as the inviolability of this day of yours, in this month of yours, in this land of yours." Yes, your blood is inviolable, your wealth is inviolable, and your honor is inviolable. O you who believe: And among the most shameful forms of consuming people's wealth unjustly is a form from which many Muslims in their lands groan: Indeed, it is the form of consuming the wealth of the weak among people, from orphans, minors, and women. A man may be a guardian over orphans, or in charge of sisters, and he may exploit his authority and guardianship, and he may scheme against the minor heirs, and eat their rights, and by that he has committed a great crime and done a major sin; for what he has eaten will be among the causes of his entering the Fire of Hell. He, the Most High, said: "Indeed, those who eat the wealth of orphans unjustly – they only eat into their bellies fire, and they will be burned in a Blaze" [An-Nisa: 10]. It is a fire in this world that is never satisfied, and a Blaze in the Hereafter that is never extinguished. O you who believe! Indeed, depriving heirs of their inheritance, and among them are women, is among the causes of entering the Fire. For this reason, after Allah, the Most High, mentioned the verses of inheritance, He concluded them with the severe warning in the Fire of Hell for whoever does not obey Allah, the Most High, in matters of inheritance and does not divide it according to what Allah has legislated and explained. He, the Most High, said: "Those are the limits of Allah, and whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger – He will admit him to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to abide eternally therein, and that is the greatest attainment. And whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and transgresses His limits – He will admit him to Fire to abide eternally therein, and he will have a humiliating punishment" [An-Nisa: 13-14]. O you who believe! And among what many people are lenient about is depriving females of inheritance, and withholding from them their inheritance, by any of the arguments, or in any of the forms, is considered a characteristic of the characteristics of the first Age of Ignorance. For they in the Age of Ignorance did not inherit from the children except the males and they deprived the women, and they used to say: "Only he who strikes with the spear and strikes with the sword inherits our wealth." So if the deceased had no male children, they would inherit the closest of the men from the agnates, such as the father of the man, or his brother, or his paternal uncle, and so on, and they would not give his daughters anything of their father's inheritance. As for the wives of the man, they were inherited, not inheritors. So Islam came and broke this crooked scale, and removed the injustice, and gave every one who has a right his right. Al-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah narrated in their Sunans with a chain that Al-Albani authenticated that the wife of Sa'd ibn al-Rabi', may Allah be pleased with him, came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, weeping, and she said: "O Messenger of Allah, indeed Sa'd was martyred with you on the Day of Uhud, and he left two daughters and me, and indeed their paternal uncle has taken all of their wealth." So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, called the paternal uncle and said to him: "Give the two daughters of Sa'd the two-thirds, and give their mother the eighth, and what remains is yours." So the man said: "Hearing and obedience, O Messenger of Allah." So Allah revealed after that: "Indeed, those who eat the wealth of orphans unjustly – they only eat into their bellies fire, and they will be burned in a Blaze" [An-Nisa: 10]. And Allah revealed after this verse the verses of inheritance in the chapter of An-Nisa, beginning with His, the Most High, saying: "Allah commands you concerning your children: for the male, what is equivalent to the share of two females..." [An-Nisa: 11]. And Imam al-Qurtubi mentioned in his book al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Quran that Aws ibn Thabit al-Ansari, may Allah be pleased with him, passed away and left behind a woman called "Umm Kujja" and three daughters he had from her. So two men, who were the maternal cousins of the deceased and his executors, called "Suwayd and 'Arfaja," took his wealth and did not give his wife and daughters anything. And in the pre-Islamic period of ignorance, they did not inherit to women or to the minor, even if he was a male, and they used to say: "One is not given [inheritance] except one who fights on horseback, thrusts with the spear, strikes with the sword, and takes the spoils of war." So "Umm Kujja" mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, so he called them, and they said: "O Messenger of Allah, her children do not ride a horse, do not carry a burden, and do not attack an enemy." So he, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Depart until I see what Allah brings to me regarding them." So Allah revealed His exalted saying: "For men is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, and for women is a share of what the parents and close relatives leave, be it little or much - an obligatory share" [al-Nisa: 7], as a refutation of them and an invalidation of their saying and their actions in their ignorance. For the minor heirs should have been more entitled to the wealth than the adults, due to their inability to manage it and the need to look after their interests. So they reversed the ruling and invalidated the wisdom, and they went astray with their desires and erred in their opinions and actions. O you who believe! Indeed, among that which causes the forehead to blush with shame and the hearts to weep before the eyes, is that we see many of the Muslims today have prevented the woman from her right in inheritance, so they did not give her what Allah gave her of rights. And how many a woman may be sick and find no medicine, while her inheritance is held back with her brothers! And how many an orphan is hungry and his right is robbed by his guardian! And the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, as it is authentically reported from him in Ahmad: "O Allah, I make it a grave matter for you the right of the two weak ones: the orphan and the woman." Rather, some of them may claim that if he gave her her right, it would be a defect upon the individuals of his kin and tribe. So you find the woman deprived of her inheritance caught between two fires: the fire of the enmity of her brothers or her paternal uncles if she demands her inheritance, and another fire, which is the fire of her losing her wealth which she was entitled to by inheritance from the one from whom she was entitled to inherit. So she has become enduring oppression and regret, and she has no recourse except supplication to Allah, the Exalted, the Majestic. O you who believe: And because of the importance of the inheritance of women, Allah the Most High has specified the inheritance of women in His Noble Book and has taken upon Himself its division, so that no one may have an excuse for injustice. For Allah the Most High is the most just of the just and the most wise of the judges. He has given to the daughter one half if she is alone, or two thirds if they are two or more. He, Glory and Exaltation be to Him, said: "Allah commands you regarding your children: for the male, the share of two females. And if they are women, more than two, then for them is two thirds of what he left behind. And if she is one, then for her is one half" [Al-Nisa: 11]. And He has given to the mother one sixth if her deceased son has children, and one third if he has no children. So the woman has a right to inheritance from her husband, and from her father and her mother, and from those among her relatives from whom she is entitled to inherit, by the evidence of His saying, the Most High: "For men is a share of what the parents and the closest relatives leave behind, and for women is a share of what the parents and the closest relatives leave behind, whether little or much, a specified share" [Al-Nisa: 7]. And the woman inherits from real estate and the house, and from cash and tangible wealth, and from movable and immovable property, and there is no difference between her and the man in the obligation to give her what is due to her of financial rights and otherwise. O you who believe: Whoever reflects upon the prescribed shares in Islam will see a wondrous matter. For Allah the Most High has obligated upon us prayer and has not specified in the Quran the number of rak'ahs, and He left it to His Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, to explain it to us through the path of the Sunnah, which is the second source of legislation. And so it is with zakat. As for inheritance, He took upon Himself its explanation and its division, and He specified the share of every individual and explained to us their circumstances, so that no injustice may befall any of the heirs, whether male or female. He, the Most High, said: "Allah commands you regarding your children: for the male, the share of two females" [Al-Nisa: 11]. So Allah, Glory and Exaltation be to Him, commands that inheritance be divided in an Islamic manner according to the method of the Noble Quran. And it is the custom of every person to carry out the will of one who holds a position of honor with him. And the higher the position of the one who makes the will, the more binding it is to carry out his will, especially if he repeats the same will and commands its execution. Therefore we say: The will of Allah in inheritance is the most deserving of being carried out. And in His saying, the Most High: "Allah commands you" [Al-Nisa: 11], He used the present tense verb, which indicates renewal and continuity. And in that is a clear indication of the great concern of the Quran for the division of inheritance in a lawful manner, whose source is the infallible revelation. O you who believe: And whoever reflects upon the three verses that come in detailing the shares of the heirs will see that they are all concluded with the attribute of knowledge. And in that is an indication that Allah knows every person who does not divide the inheritance as Allah has legislated and explained. So in the first verse He, the Most High, said: "Allah commands you regarding your children: for the male, the share of two females..." Then He concluded this verse with His saying, the Most High: "...Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise" [Al-Nisa: 11]. And in the second verse, which is His saying, the Most High: "And for you is one half of what your wives leave behind..." [Al-Nisa: 12], and He concluded it with His saying: "And Allah is All-Knowing, Forbearing" [Al-Nisa: 12]. And in the third verse, Allah said therein: "They seek from you a legal ruling. Say: Allah gives you a legal ruling regarding the kalala..." [Al-Nisa: 176], and He concluded it with His saying, the Most High: "And Allah is All-Knowing of all things" [Al-Nisa: 176]. O you who believe: Although it is Allah, the Most High, who has divided the inheritance among His servants and determined the share of every heir, there are those who prevent the heirs from their right, and especially the women. The reasons for this prevention we will mention in the second sermon. I have said what you have heard, so seek forgiveness from Allah, O you who are the success of those who seek forgiveness. The Second Sermon Praise be to Allah, and may blessings and peace be upon the Messenger of Allah, and upon his family and all his companions. As for what follows: O you who believe: When we reflect upon this, we find that there are many reasons for consuming the inheritance of women, and among these reasons are the following: First: Weakness of faith: For the one who consumes inheritance is weak in faith, even if he prays and fasts and recites the Quran; for he has resembled the enemies of Allah and the killers of the prophets from among the Jews when they said to their prophets, as Allah, the Most High, informed us about them: "And [recall] when We took your covenant and raised over you the Mount, [saying], 'Take what We have given you with determination and listen.' They said, 'We hear and we disobey.' And their hearts were made to imbibe the calf because of their disbelief. Say, 'Wretched is what

مَنْعُ الْإِنَاثِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ الخطبة الأولى الْحَمْدُ للهِ، نَحْمَدُهُ تَعَالَى وَنَسْتَعِينُهُ وَنَسْتَغْفِرُهُ، وَنَعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنْ شُرُورِ أَنْفُسِنَا وَسَيِّئَاتِ أَعْمَالِنَا، مَنْ يَهْدِهِ اللهُ فَلَا مُضِلَّ لَهُ، وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ فَلَا هَادِيَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ وَسَلَّمَ. قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ ﴾ [آل عمران: 102]، وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن نَّفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَخَلَقَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا وَبَثَّ مِنْهُمَا رِجَالًا كَثِيرًا وَنِسَاءً وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي تَسَاءَلُونَ بِهِ وَالْأَرْحَامَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَيْكُمْ رَقِيبًا ﴾ [النساء: 1]. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: اعْلَمُوا أَنَّ أَصْدَقَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابُ اللهِ، وَخَيْرَ الْهَدْيِ هَدْيُ نَبِيِّنَا مُحَمَّدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَشَرَّ الْأُمُورِ مُحْدَثَاتُهَا، وَكُلَّ مُحْدَثَةٍ بِدْعَةٌ، وَكُلَّ بِدْعَةٍ ضَلَالَةٌ، وَكُلَّ ضَلَالَةٍ فِي النَّارِ، أَعَاذَنَا اللهُ وَإِيَّاكُمْ مِنَ الْبِدَعِ وَالضَّلَالَاتِ وَمِنَ النَّارِ. أَمَّا بَعْدُ: أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: رَوَى الْإِمَامَانِ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي صَحِيحَيْهِمَا عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمَا، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُكُمْ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ أَوْقَدَ نَارًا، فَجَعَلَ الْجَنَادِبُ وَالْفَرَاشُ يَقَعْنَ فِيهَا، وَهُوَ يَذُبُّهُنَّ عَنْهَا، وَأَنَا آخِذٌ بِحُجَزِكُمْ عَنِ النَّارِ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَفَلَّتُونَ مِنِّي»، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: «وَأَنْتُمْ تَقْتَحِمُونَ فِيهَا». أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: لَقَدْ كَانَ نَبِيُّنَا صلى الله عليه وسلم رَؤُوفًا رَحِيمًا بِأُمَّتِهِ، وَكَانَ حَرِيصًا كُلَّ الْحِرْصِ أَلَّا تَمَسَّ أَحَدًا مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ نَارُ جَهَنَّمَ بِأَذًى، وَأَلَّا يَذُوقَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ حَرَّهَا، وَكَانَ يَذُودُهُمْ عَنْ أَبْوَابِ النَّارِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْكَثِيرَ مِنَ النَّاسِ يَأْبَوْنَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَقْتَحِمُوا النَّارَ وَأَنْ يُلْقُوا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ فِيهَا، بِوُقُوعِهِمْ فِي الْمَعَاصِي الْمُوصِلَةِ إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَتَأَمَّلُوا هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ، نَبِيُّكُمْ وَاقِفٌ عَلَى شَفِيرِ النَّارِ، مَاسِكٌ بِحُجَزِكُمْ، يَصْرُخُ بِكُمْ: إِيَّاكُمْ، إِيَّاكُمْ، وَالْوُقُوعَ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ، وَأَنْتُمْ تَفِرُّونَ مِنْ يَدِهِ وَتَقْتَحِمُونَ فِيهَا. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: إِنَّمَا ضَرَبَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم هَذَا الْمَثَلَ لِأَهْلِ الْمَعَاصِي، الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَهَا، وَيَظُنُّونَ أَنَّ نَارَهَا لَنْ تُحْرِقَهُمْ، كَمَا يَظُنُّ الْفَرَاشُ الْأَحْمَقُ أَنَّ وَهَجَ النَّارِ نُورٌ جَمِيلٌ، فَيَتْبَعُهُ بِجَنَاحَيْهِ حَتَّى يَقَعَ فِيهَا فَيَهْلِكَ، كَذَلِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَعَاصِي وَالْمُحَرَّمَاتِ، يَتْبَعُونَ بَرِيقَ الْحَرَامِ، وَيَلْهَثُونَ وَرَاءَهُ، حَتَّى تَقُودَهُمْ مَعَاصِيهِمْ هَذِهِ بِأَقْدَامِهِمْ إِلَى نَارٍ وَقُودُهَا النَّاسُ وَالْحِجَارَةُ، وَالْعِيَاذُ بِاللهِ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: إِنَّ الطُّرُقَ الْمُوصِلَةَ إِلَى النَّارِ كَثِيرَةٌ، فَمَنْ مَاتَ كَافِرًا بِاللهِ دَخَلَهَا، قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَالْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ﴾[البينة: 6]، وَمَنْ مَاتَ مُشْرِكًا بِاللهِ دَخَلَهَا، قَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ: ﴿ إِنَّهُ مَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ ﴾[المائدة: 72]، وَمَنْ مَاتَ تَارِكًا لِلصَّلَاةِ دَخَلَهَا، قَالُوا عَنْ أَهْلِ سَقَرَ: ﴿ مَا سَلَكَكُمْ فِي سَقَرَ _ قَالُوا لَمْ نَكُ مِنَ الْمُصَلِّينَ ﴾[المدثر: 42-43]، وَهُنَاكَ طُرُقٌ أُخْرَى كَثِيرَةٌ تَقُودُ أَصْحَابَهَا إِلَى نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ. وَفِي خُطْبَتِنَا هَذِهِ سَوْفَ نَقِفُ مَعَكُمْ عِنْدَ طَرِيقٍ خَفِيٍّ، يَسِيرُ فِيهِ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَهُمْ لَا يَشْعُرُونَ أَنَّهُ طَرِيقٌ مُوَصِّلٌ إِلَى النَّارِ، إِنَّهُ طَرِيقُ أَكْلِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ، فَأَنْ تَمُدَّ يَدَكَ إِلَى مَالِ أَخِيكَ فَتَأْخُذَهُ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ، فَتَحْسَبَهُ غَنِيمَةً، وَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا جَمْرَةٌ تَتَقَلَّبُ فِي جَوْفِكَ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ سَوْفَ تَصْلَى سَعِيرًا. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: نَهَانَا اللهُ عَنْ أَكْلِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ، وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمٌ عَلَيْنَا، قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَأْكُلُوا أَمْوَالَكُم بَيْنَكُم بِالْبَاطِلِ وَتُدْلُوا بِهَا إِلَى الْحُكَّامِ لِتَأْكُلُوا فَرِيقًا مِّنْ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْإِثْمِ وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾[البقرة: 188]، تَأَمَّلُوا مَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى _"وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ"_ أَيْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ الْحَقَّ لَيْسَ لَكُمْ، وَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّكُمْ ظَالِمُونَ لِغَيْرِكُمْ، ثُمَّ تَمْضُونَ إِلَى الْمَحَاكِمِ وَتُخَاصِمُونَ وَتُجَادِلُونَ بِلِسَانٍ فَصِيحٍ تُقَلِّبُونَ بِهِ الْبَاطِلَ حَقًّا!، وَكَمْ مِنْ خُصُومَةٍ طَالَتْ سِنِينَ، وَأَحَدُهُمْ يَعْلَمُ فِي قَرَارَةِ نَفْسِهِ أَنَّهُ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ، فَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُ: اتَّقِ اللهَ، رَدَّ وَقَالَ: "الْقَاضِي حَكَمَ لِي بِذَلِكَ" يَا مِسْكِينُ أَتَظُنُّ أَنَّ حُكْمَ الْقَاضِي يُحِلُّ الْحَرَامَ؟!، اسْمَعْ لِنَبِيِّكَ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ يَقُولُ كَمَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَّفَقِ عَلَى صِحَّتِهِ عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَّ، وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَلْحَنُ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، فَأَقْضِي لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ، فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ بِحَقِّ أَخِيهِ شَيْئًا فَلَا يَأْخُذْهُ، فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ»، نَعَمْ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّارِ، بِشِبْرٍ مِنْ أَرْضٍ أَخَذْتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِكَ بِغَيْرِ وَجْهِ حَقٍّ، بِظُلْمٍ فِي مِيرَاثٍ أَوْ غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، فَلَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ صَوْلَةُ لِسَانِكَ، وَلَا دَهَاءُ حُجَّتِكَ، وَلَا كَثْرَةُ وَسَائِطِكَ، وَلَا حُكْمُ قَاضٍ الَّذِي قَضَى لَكَ بِالظَّاهِرِ وَهُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ بَوَاطِنَ الْأُمُورِ وَخَفَايَاهَا، فَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ وَأَخْفَى، وَسَيَقْتَصُّ لِلْمَظْلُومِ مِنَ الظَّالِمِ وَلَوْ بَعْدَ حِينٍ، وَفِي صَحِيحِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنِ اقْتَطَعَ حَقَّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ بِيَمِينِهِ، فَقَدْ أَوْجَبَ اللهُ لَهُ النَّارَ، وَحَرَّمَ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ»، فَفَزِعَ الصَّحَابَةُ وَقَالُوا: وَإِنْ كَانَ شَيْئًا يَسِيرًا يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ؟ قَالَ: «وَإِنْ كَانَ قَضِيبًا مِنْ أَرَاكٍ» قَضِيبُ أَرَاكٍ! عُودُ مِسْوَاكٍ تَأْخُذُهُ غَصْبًا بِغَيْرِ رِضَا صَاحِبِهِ، فَتَحْلِفُ عَلَيْهِ كَذِبًا، فَبِسَبَبِهِ تُحْرَمُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَتُوجَبُ لَكَ النَّارُ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: إِنَّ الْإِسْلَامَ عَظَّمَ مِنْ شَأْنِ الْمَالِ، لِأَنَّهُ قِوَامُ الْحَيَاةِ، وَعِمَادُ الْمَعَاشِ، وَبِهِ تُقَامُ مَصَالِحُ الْعِبَادِ، وَالْإِنْسَانُ مَجْبُولٌ عَلَى حُبِّ الْمَالِ، وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى أَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ مَفْطُورٌ عَلَى حُبِّ الْمَالِ قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ حُبًّا جَمًّا ﴾[الفجر: 20]، وَلِعِظَمِ قَدْرِ الْمَالِ، فَقَدْ وَقَفَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ، فِي آخِرِ خُطْبَةٍ لَهُ، فَقَالَ كَمَا فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ: «إِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا»، نَعَمْ دِمَاؤُكُمْ حَرَامٌ، وَأَمْوَالُكُمْ حَرَامٌ، وَأَعْرَاضُكُمْ حَرَامٌ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَمِنْ أَشْنَعِ صُوَرِ أَكْلِ أَمْوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالْبَاطِلِ، صُورَةٌ يَئِنُّ مِنْهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي بُلْدَانِهِمْ: إِنَّهَا صُورَةُ أَكْلِ أَمْوَالِ ضُعَفَاءِ النَّاسِ، مِنَ الْيَتَامَى، وَالْقُصَّرِ، وَالنِّسَاءِ، فَقَدْ يَكُونُ الرَّجُلُ وَلِيًّا عَلَى أَيْتَامٍ، أَوْ قَائِمًا عَلَى أَخَوَاتٍ، فَيَسْتَغِلُّ سُلْطَتَهُ وَوِلَايَتَهُ، فَيَتَحَايَلُ عَلَى الْوَرَثَةِ الصِّغَارِ، وَيَأْكُلُ حُقُوقَهُمْ، وَيَكُونُ بِذَلِكَ قَدِ ارْتَكَبَ جُرْمًا عَظِيمًا، وَفَعَلَ إِثْمًا كَبِيرًا؛ لِأَنَّ مَا أَكَلَهُ سَيَكُونُ مِنْ أَسْبَابِ دُخُولِهِ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا ﴾[النساء: 10]، إِنَّهَا نَارٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا لَا تَشْبَعُ، وَسَعِيرٌ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَا يَخْمُدُ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ إِنَّ مَنْعَ الْوَارِثِينَ مِيرَاثَهُمْ وَمِنْهُنَّ النِّسَاءُ، مِنْ أَسْبَابِ دُخُولِ النَّارِ؛ لِهَذَا بَعْدَ أَنْ ذَكَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى آيَاتِ الْمَوَارِيثِ خَتَمَهَا بِالْوَعِيدِ الشَّدِيدِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يُطِعِ اللهَ تَعَالَى فِي أُمُورِ الْمَوَارِيثِ وَلَمْ يَقْسِمْهَا وَفْقَ مَا شَرَعَهُ اللهُ وَبَيَّنَهُ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ تِلْكَ حُدُودُ اللَّهِ وَمَن يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ _ وَمَن يَعْصِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَيَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَهُ يُدْخِلْهُ نَارًا خَالِدًا فِيهَا وَلَهُ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ ﴾[النساء: 13-14] أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَمِمَّا يَتَسَاهَلُ بِهِ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْعُ الْإِنَاثِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ، وَحِرْمَانُهُنَّ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهِنَّ، بِأَيِّ حُجَّةٍ مِنَ الْحُجَجِ، أَوْ بِأَيِّ صُورَةٍ مِنَ الصُّوَرِ يُعَدُّ صِفَةً مِنْ صِفَاتِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الْأُولَى، فَقَدْ كَانُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَ مِنَ الْأَبْنَاءِ إِلَّا الذُّكُورَ وَيَحْرِمُونَ النِّسَاءَ، وَكَانُوا يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّمَا يَرِثُ أَمْوَالَنَا مَنْ طَاعَنَ بِالرُّمْحِ، وَضَرَبَ بِالسَّيْفِ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ أَبْنَاءُ ذُكُورٍ وَرَّثُوا أَقْرَبَ الرِّجَالِ مِنَ الْعَصَبَةِ كَأَبِي الرَّجُلِ أَوْ أَخِيهِ أَوْ عَمِّهِ وَهَكَذَا وَلَا يُعْطُونَ بَنَاتَهُ شَيْئًا مِنْ مِيرَاثِ أَبِيهِنَّ، أَمَّا زَوْجَاتُ الرَّجُلِ فَكُنَّ مُوَرَّثَاتٍ لَا وَارِثَاتٍ. فَجَاءَ الْإِسْلَامُ فَكَسَّرَ هَذَا الْمِيزَانَ الْأَعْوَجَ، وَرَفَعَ الظُّلْمَ، وَأَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ، رَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ فِي سُنَنَيْهِمَا بِسَنَدٍ صَحَّحَهُ الْأَلْبَانِيُّ أَنَّ امْرَأَةَ سَعْدِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ جَاءَتْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم تَبْكِي فَقَالَتْ: "يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، إِنَّ سَعْدًا اسْتُشْهِدَ مَعَكَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، وَتَرَكَ ابْنَتَيَّ وَأَنَا، وَإِنَّ عَمَّهُمَا قَدْ أَخَذَ مَالَهُمَا كُلَّهُ" فَدَعَا النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْعَمَّ وَقَالَ لَهُ: «أَعْطِ ابْنَتَي سَعْدٍ الثُّلُثَيْنِ، وَأَعْطِ أُمَّهُمَا الثُّمُنَ، وَمَا بَقِيَ فَلَكَ»، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ بَعْدَهَا: ﴿ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ نَارًا وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيرًا ﴾ [النِّسَاء: 10]، وَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ آيَاتِ الْمَوَارِيثِ فِي سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ، ابْتِدَاءً مِنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ﴿ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ... ﴾ [النِّسَاء: 11]. وَذَكَرَ الْإِمَامُ الْقُرْطُبِيُّ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْجَامِعِ لِأَحْكَامِ الْقُرْآنِ أَنَّ أَوْسَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّ، رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ تُوُفِّيَ وَتَرَكَ امْرَأَةً يُقَالُ لَهَا: _"أُمُّ كُجَّةَ"_ وَثَلَاثَ بَنَاتٍ لَهُ مِنْهَا، فَقَامَ رَجُلَانِ هُمَا: ابْنَا عَمِّ الْمَيِّتِ وَوَصِيَّاهُ، يُقَالُ لَهُمَا: "سُوَيْدٌ وَعَرْفَجَةُ" فَأَخَذَا مَالَهُ وَلَمْ يُعْطِيَا امْرَأَتَهُ وَبَنَاتَهُ شَيْئًا، وَكَانُوا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَ النِّسَاءَ وَلَا الصَّغِيرَ وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَكَرًا، وَيَقُولُونَ: لَا يُعْطَى إِلَّا مَنْ قَاتَلَ عَلَى ظُهُورِ الْخُيُولِ، وَطَاعَنَ بِالرُّمْحِ، وَضَارَبَ بِالسَّيْفِ، وَحَازَ الْغَنِيمَةَ، فَذَكَرَتْ _"أُمُّ كُجَّةَ"_ ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَدَعَاهُمَا، فَقَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، وَلَدُهَا لَا يَرْكَبُ فَرَسًا، وَلَا يَحْمِلُ كَلًّا، وَلَا يَنْكِي عَدُوًّا، فَقَالَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ: "انْصَرِفَا حَتَّى أَنْظُرَ مَا يُحْدِثُ اللهُ لِي فِيهِنَّ" فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضًا ﴾[النِّسَاء: 7]، رَدًّا عَلَيْهِمْ، وَإِبْطَالًا لِقَوْلِهِمْ، وَتَصَرُّفَاتِهِمْ بِجَهْلِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ الْوَرَثَةَ الصِّغَارَ كَانَ يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونُوا أَحَقَّ بِالْمَالِ مِنَ الْكِبَارِ، لِعَدَمِ تَصَرُّفِهِمْ، وَالنَّظَرِ فِي مَصَالِحِهِمْ، فَعَكَسُوا الْحُكْمَ، وَأَبْطَلُوا الْحِكْمَةَ، فَضَلُّوا بِأَهْوَائِهِمْ، وَأَخْطَؤُوا فِي آرَائِهِمْ وَتَصَرُّفَاتِهِمْ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: إِنَّ مِمَّا يَنْدَى لَهُ الْجَبِينُ، وَتَبْكِي مِنْهُ الْقُلُوبُ قَبْلَ الْعُيُونِ، أَنْ نَرَى كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْيَوْمَ قَدْ مَنَعُوا الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ حَقِّهَا فِي الْمِيرَاثِ، فَلَمْ يُعْطُوهَا مَا أَعْطَاهَا اللهُ مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ، وَكَمْ مِنْ امْرَأَةٍ قَدْ تَكُونُ مَرِيضَةً لَا تَجِدُ دَوَاءً، وَمِيرَاثُهَا عِنْدَ إِخْوَتِهَا مَحْبُوسٌ، وَكَمْ مِنْ يَتِيمٍ جَائِعٍ وَحَقُّهُ عِنْدَ وَلِيِّهِ مَسْلُوبٌ! وَقَدْ قَالَ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَمَا صَحَّ عَنْهُ عِنْدَ أَحْمَدَ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُحَرِّجُ إِلَيْكُمْ حَقَّ الضَّعِيفَيْنِ: الْيَتِيمِ وَالْمَرْأَةِ»، بَلْ رُبَّمَا زَعَمَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّهُ لَوْ أَعْطَاهَا حَقَّهَا لَكَانَ عَيْبًا عَلَى أَفْرَادِ عَشِيرَتِهِ وَقَبِيلَتِهِ، فَتَجِدُ الْمَرْأَةَ الْمَحْرُومَةَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا وَاقِعَةً بَيْنَ نَارَيْنِ: نَارِ عَدَاوَةِ إِخْوَتِهَا أَوْ أَعْمَامِهَا، إِنْ هِيَ طَالَبَتْ بِمِيرَاثِهَا، وَنَارٍ أُخْرَى هِيَ نَارُ فَقْدِهَا لِمَالِهَا الَّذِي اسْتَحَقَّتْهُ بِوَرَاثَتِهَا لِمَنْ اسْتَحَقَّتْ مِنْهُ الْمِيرَاثَ، فَأَصْبَحَتْ تُقَاسِي الظُّلْمَ وَالْحَسْرَةَ وَلَا حِيلَةَ لَهَا إِلَّا بِالدُّعَاءِ للهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَلِأَهَمِّيَّةِ مِيرَاثِ النِّسَاءِ فَقَدْ حَدَّدَ اللهُ تَعَالَى مِيرَاثَ النِّسَاءِ فِي كِتَابِهِ الْكَرِيمِ وَتَوَلَّى قِسْمَتَهُ بِنَفْسِهِ؛ حَتَّى لَا يَجْعَلَ لِأَحَدٍ عُذْرًا بِعَدَمِ الْعَدْلِ فَاللهُ تَعَالَى هُوَ أَعْدَلُ الْعَادِلِينَ وَأَحْكَمُ الْحَاكِمِينَ، فَجَعَلَ لِلْبِنْتِ النِّصْفَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لِوَحْدِهَا، أَوِ الثُّلُثَيْنِ إِنْ كُنَّ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَأَكْثَرَ، قَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: ﴿ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ فَإِن كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِن كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ ﴾[النِّسَاء: 11]، وَجَعَلَ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ إِنْ كَانَ لِابْنِهَا الْمَيِّتِ أَوْلَادٌ، وَالثُّلُثَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أَوْلَادٌ، فَالْمَرْأَةُ لَهَا حَقٌّ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ، مِنْ زَوْجِهَا، وَمِنْ أَبِيهَا وَأُمِّهَا، وَمِمَّنْ تَسْتَحِقُّ الْمِيرَاثَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَقَارِبِهَا؛ بِدَلِيلِ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ وَلِلنِّسَاءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا تَرَكَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَالْأَقْرَبُونَ مِمَّا قَلَّ مِنْهُ أَوْ كَثُرَ نَصِيبًا مَّفْرُوضًا ﴾[النِّسَاء: 7]. وَالْمَرْأَةُ تَرِثُ مِنَ الْعَقَارِ وَالدَّارِ، وَمِنَ الْمَالِ النَّقْدِيِّ وَالْعَيْنِيِّ، وَمِنَ الْمَنْقُولِ وَالثَّابِتِ، وَلَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الرَّجُلِ فِي وُجُوبِ إِعْطَائِهَا مَا لَهَا مِنَ الْحُقُوقِ الْمَالِيَّةِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: الَّذِي يَتَأَمَّلُ فِي فَرَائِضِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَيَرَى أَمْرًا عَجِيبًا، فَاللهُ تَعَالَى فَرَضَ عَلَيْنَا الصَّلَاةَ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْ فِي الْقُرْآنِ عَدَ الرَّكَعَاتِ وَتَرَكَهَا لِنَبِيِّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لِيُبَيِّنَهَا لَنَا عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ السُّنَّةِ الَّتِي هِيَ الْمَصْدَرُ الثَّانِي لِلتَّشْرِيعِ وَكَذَا الزَّكَاةُ، أَمَّا الْمِيرَاثُ فَتَوَلَّى بَيَانَهُ وَقِسْمَتَهُ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَبَيَّنَ نَصِيبَ كُلِّ فَرْدٍ وَبَيَّنَ لَنَا أَحْوَالَهُ، حَتَّى لَا يَقَعَ فِي ذَلِكَ ظُلْمٌ لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ ذُكُورًا كَانُوا أَوْ إِنَاثًا، قَالَ تَعَالَى سُبْحَانَهُ: ﴿ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ ﴾[النِّسَاء: 11]. فَاللهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى يُوصِي بِتَقْسِيمِ الْمِيرَاثِ تَقْسِيمًا إِسْلَامِيًّا عَلَى مَنْهَجِ الْقُرْآنِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَمِنْ عَادَةِ كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ أَنْ يُنَفِّذَ وَصِيَّةَ مَنْ لَهُ مَكَانَةٌ عِنْدَهُ، وَكُلَّمَا عَلَتْ مَكَانَةُ الْمُوصِي، كَانَ تَنْفِيذُ وَصِيَّتِهِ أَلْزَمَ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا إِنْ كَرَّرَ نَفْسَ الْوَصِيَّةِ وَأَمَرَ بِتَنْفِيذِهَا. لِذَا نَقُولُ: إِنَّ وَصِيَّةَ اللهِ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ أَوْلَى أَنْ تُنَفَّذَ، وَفِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿ يُوصِيكُمُ ﴾ [النِّسَاء: 11] أَتَى بِالْفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ الَّذِي يَدُلُّ عَلَى التَّجَدُّدِ وَالِاسْتِمْرَارِيَّةِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ إِشَارَةٌ وَاضِحَةٌ إِلَى الِاهْتِمَامِ الْبَالِغِ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ بِتَقْسِيمِ الْمِيرَاثِ تَقْسِيمًا شَرْعِيًّا مَصْدَرُهُ الْوَحْيُ الْمَعْصُومُ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَمَنْ تَأَمَّلَ الْآيَاتِ الثَّلَاثَ الْوَارِدَةَ فِي تَفْصِيلِ أَنْصِبَةِ الْوَرَثَةِ رَأَى أَنَّهَا جَمِيعًا خُتِمَتْ بِصِفَةِ الْعِلْمِ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى أَنَّ اللهَ يَعْلَمُ بِكُلِّ مَنْ لَا يُقَسِّمُ الْمِيرَاثَ كَمَا شَرَعَهُ اللهُ وَبَيَّنَهُ، فَفِي الْآيَةِ الْأُولَى قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنثَيَيْنِ... ﴾ ثُمَّ خَتَمَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: ﴿. ..إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا ﴾[النِّسَاء: 11] وَفِي الْآيَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ وَهِيَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿ وَلَكُمْ نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ أَزْوَاجُكُمْ.. ﴾[النِّسَاء: 12] وَخَتَمَهَا بِقَوْلِهِ ﴿ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ ﴾[النِّسَاء: 12] وَفِي الْآيَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ قَالَ اللهُ فِيهَا: ﴿ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلَالَةِ... ﴾[النِّسَاء: 176]، وَخَتَمَهَا بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى ﴿ وَاللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمٌ ﴾[النِّسَاء: 176]. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: رَغْمَ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى هُوَ الَّذِي قَسَّمَ الْمِيرَاثَ بَيْنَ عِبَادِهِ وَحَدَّدَ نَصِيبَ كُلِّ وَارِثٍ، إِلَّا أَنَّ هُنَاكَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُ الْوَرَثَةَ مِنْ حَقِّهِمْ وَخَاصَّةً النِّسَاءَ، وَلِهَذَا الْمَنْعِ أَسْبَابٌ سَنَذْكُرُهَا فِي الْخُطْبَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ. قُلْتُ مَا قَدْ سَمِعْتُمْ فَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللهَ يَا فَوْزَ الْمُسْتَغْفِرِينَ. الخطبة الثانية الْحَمْدُ للهِ وَالصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ أَمَّا بَعْدُ: أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَعِنْدَ التَّأَمُّلِ فِي ذَلِكَ نَجِدُ أَنَّ هُنَاكَ أَسْبَابًا كَثِيرَةً لِأَكْلِ مِيرَاثِ النِّسَاءِ، وَمِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَسْبَابِ مَا يَلِي: أَوَّلًا: ضَعْفُ الْإِيمَانِ: فَآكِلُ الْمِيرَاثِ ضَعِيفُ الْإِيمَانِ وَإِنْ صَلَّى وَصَامَ وَقَرَأَ الْقُرْآنَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ تَشَبَّهَ بِأَعْدَاءِ اللهِ وَقَتَلَةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ عِنْدَمَا قَالُوا لِأَنْبِيَائِهِمْ كَمَا أَخْبَرَ اللهُ تَعَالَى عَنْهُمْ ﴿ وَإِذْ أَخَذْنَا مِيثَاقَكُمْ وَرَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ خُذُوا مَا آتَيْنَاكُم بِقُوَّةٍ وَاسْمَعُوا قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَأُشْرِبُوا فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الْعِجْلَ بِكُفْرِهِمْ قُلْ بِئْسَمَا يَأْمُرُكُم بِهِ إِيمَانُكُمْ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ﴾[الْبَقَرَة: 93]، فَاللهُ تَعَالَى أَمَرَهُمْ وَلَكِنَّهُمْ قَالُوا: سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا، وَأَنْتَ يَا آكِلَ الْمِيرَاثِ إِنْ لَمْ تَقُلْهَا بِلِسَانِكَ فَأَنْتَ تَقُولُهَا بِأَفْعَالِكَ وَجُحُودِكَ لِحُقُوقِ الْوَرَثَةِ. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَمِنْ أَسْبَابِ مَنْعِ الْإِنَاثِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ الْعَادَاتُ وَالتَّقَالِيدُ الْجَاهِلِيَّةُ، فَبَعْضُ النَّاسِ لَدَيْهِمْ عَادَاتٌ قَبِيحَةٌ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَ الْمَرْأَةَ، وَخَاصَّةً إِذَا كَانَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مُتَزَوِّجَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ خَارِجِ الْعَائِلَةِ فَتُحْرَمُ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ بِحُجَّةِ أَنَّ زَوْجَهَا أَجْنَبِيٌّ عَنِ الْأُسْرَةِ، وَالْبَعْضُ يَمْنَعُ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا بِحُجَّةِ أَنَّهَا لَا تُحْسِنُ التَّصَرُّفَ فِي مَالِهَا وَادِّعَاءِ أَنَّهُ يُحَافِظُ عَلَى مِيرَاثِهَا وَمَالِهَا، فَتُمْنَعُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ مِيرَاثِهَا وَقَدْ تَكُونُ فِي أَمَسِّ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَيْهِ وَرُبَّمَا ضَاعَ مِيرَاثُهَا فِيمَا بَعْدُ خَاصَّةً عِنْدَمَا لَا يَهْتَمُّ الْوَلِيُّ عَلَى الْمَالِ بِالْكِتَابَةِ وَتَحْدِيدِ مَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مِنْ مَالٍ وَأَيْنَ يُوجَدُ هَذَا الْمَالُ. وَبَعْضُ النَّاسِ إِذَا قُلْتَ لَهُ: لِمَاذَا لَا تُوَرِّثُ إِخْوَتَكَ؟ يَقُولُ: "وَجَدْنَا آبَاءَنَا وَأَجْدَادَنَا لَا يُوَرِّثُونَ الْبَنَاتِ"، نَقُولُ لَهُ: هَذِهِ عَادَاتُ أَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ الَّذِينَ ذَمَّهُمُ اللهُ تَعَالَى، وَبَيَّنَ أَنَّ التَّقَالِيدَ سَبِيلُ الضَّلَالِ وَطَرِيقٌ إِلَى النِّيرَانِ، قَالَ تَعَالَى ﴿ وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ ﴾ [لُقْمَان: 21]. أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: وَمِنْ أَسْبَابِ مَنْعِ الْإِنَاثِ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ طَمَعُ بَعْضِ الْأَقَارِبِ فِي مِيرَاثِ الْمَرْأَةِ، وَهَذَا الطَّمَعُ إِمَّا لِعَدَمِ عِلْمِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِنَصِيبِهَا، وَإِمَّا لِضَعْفِهَا وَحَاجَتِهَا لِلرَّجُلِ، فَإِذَا طَالَبَتْ بِحَقِّهَا حَصَلَ لَهَا مِنَ اللَّوْمِ وَالتَّعْنِيفِ وَالْمُعَامَلَةِ السَّيِّئَةِ مَا لَا تُرِيدُهُ فَازْدَادَ شَقَاؤُهَا شَقَاءً، وَازْدَادَ هَمُّه