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Shabbat 11.5 Throwing from the Sea onto Land
Mischna Tora Talmud ·
Mischna Tora Talmud ·
2024-02-04
· Source
Knowledge · main message
Responsibility · carrying
The throwing of objects between the sea, the land, and ships is permitted on Shabbat in certain configurations, as it involves transitions between domains that do not fall under the prohibition of carrying according to Torah, while carrying between private and public domains is strictly prohi
One who throws from the sea onto land, from land into the sea, from the sea into a ship, from a ship into the sea, from one ship into another, is exempt.
The text analyzes the halakhic rules of Shabbat regarding the throwing of objects between different legal domains. It defines the sea as a 'karmelit' (semi-private domain), the land as a public domain, and a ship as a private domain, provided it meets certain minimum dimensions. Throwing from the sea (karmelit) into the public or private domain is permitted according to Torah, as the prohibition here is of rabbinic origin. In contrast, carrying or throwing from the private domain (ship) into the public domain (land) is forbidden. The text further distinguishes between ships that are tied together (a single shared private domain) and those that are separate (private domains separated by a karmelit). In the case of separate ships, carrying is forbidden, but throwing is permitted, as it does not constitute a direct transfer between two private domains. The interpretation serves to clarify the boundaries between permitted and forbidden actions on Shabbat.
- What, according to this text, is the root of the evil?
-
Ignorance, illusion, a false view of reality (inferred)
- Where does the evil reside?
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in the heart, the will, or the soul of the individual
- What helps against it?
-
keeping the commandments, maintaining order, fulfiling one's duties; insight, learning, enlightenment, right understanding
- What is human being according to this text?
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self-determined, the author of one's own actions
- What does the text base its claim on?
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on tradition, the fathers, an established practice
- To whom does the text's call for devotion apply?
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to one's own fellow believers
- Where is the text's criticism directed?
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the text does not criticise
Related texts from other traditions
by similarity of the analysis, one text per tradition
What the text calls for
- Gegenstände zwischen definierten juristischen Bereichen werfen (ritual)
- Die Maße und Verbindungen von Schiffen prüfen (inward)
Passages cited
Mishna Schabbat 11,5
Measured
- Basic stance
- 0 from -2 to 2
- Insistence
- 1 of 3
- Reach
- 3 of 5
- Concreteness
- 3 of 3
- Boundary
- 0 of 3
- Time
- past 1, present 3, future 0
Analysed with qwen/qwen3.8-27b, version v3.
The same standards apply to every tradition, see Values.
Full text in English
Mishnah Shabbat, Chapter 11, Mishnah 5, states the Mishnah. Hasrek min hayyam le yabashah, min hayyabashah le yam, min hayyam les finna, min sahs finna, le havertab, patur. Whoever throws from the sea to the land, from the land to the sea, from the sea to a ship, from a ship to the sea, from one ship to another, is exempt. What is the purpose of this enumeration? Here, ship and land represent the different domains. In the previous Mishnah, we learned that the sea belongs to the domain of Karmelit, because it is not traversed by the public. Now, if one throws an object from the sea to the land, that is, from the domain of Karmelit to the public domain, one is exempt, because there is no prohibition from the Torah to throw or carry from Karmelit to a public domain. The prohibition is only of rabbinic nature. Similarly, one who throws an object from the sea to a ship. The ship here belongs to the private domain, for as we have already learned, a structure must be 10 tefachim, i.e., 80 cm, high and have an area of 4 x 4 tefachim, i.e., 32 x 32 cm, to be considered a private domain. One who throws an object from the sea to a ship throws an object from Karmelit to the private domain, which is not prohibited by the Torah. The same naturally applies in the opposite direction, that is, from the ship to the sea, or from the land to the sea, and so on. What is not permitted is from the ship to the land, for in doing so one would carry or throw from the private to the public domain. Finally, the Mishnah mentions the case from one ship to another ship, that is, from one private domain to another private domain. From the earlier Mishnayot, we already know that this is permitted. And a halachic case states: Sfinot keshrod su vaso met al-telim misol aso. If ships are tied together, one may bring things from one to the other. In the halachic section: af al pi me kufot el metatelim misol aso, if they are not connected. If they merely touch each other, one may not bring things from one to the other. If the boats are tied together into a single private domain, carrying from one ship or from one boat to another boat is permitted. If the boats are not tied together and there is a space of 4 amudim between them, we have two private domains separated by Karmelit. That is, a private domain, then Karmelit, and then another private domain. It is prohibited to carry something from one private domain to another private domain that is delimited by a Karmelit. However, we already know that throwing is permitted.
Full text in the original
Mishnashabad, 11. Kapitel, 5. Mishna, sagt die Mishna. Hasrek min hayyam le yabashah, min hayyabashah le yam, min hayyam les finna, min sahs finna, le havertab, patur. Wer aus dem Meer aufs Land vom Landort ins Meer, aus dem Meer ins Schiff, aus dem Schiff ins Meer, aus einem Schiff ins andere Wirft, ist frei. Was soll diese Aufzählung? Mehr Schiff und Land verkörpern hier die unterschiedlichen Bereiche. In der letzten Schnau haben wir gelernt, dass das Meer zum Bereich Kamelit gehört, weil es von der Öffentlichkeit nicht begangen wird. Wer nun vom Meer aus, einen Gegenstand aufs Land wirft, also vom Bereich Kamelit, in den öffentlichen Bereich, ist frei, weil es kein Verbot von der Torah gibt, aus dem Kamelit in ein öffentliches Gebiet zu werfen oder zu tragen. Das Verbot ist nur rabbinische Natur. Genauso verhält er sich, wer in Gegenstand vom Meer aufs Schiff wirft. Das Schiff gehört hier zum privaten Bereich, denn wie wir bereits gelernt haben, muss eine Sache 10 wachim, also 80 cm, hoch sein und eine Fläche von 4 x 4 wachim, also 32 x 32 cm haben, um als ein privater Bereich zu gelten. Wer einen Gegenstand vom Meer aufs Schiff wirft, wirft einen Gegenstand vom Kamelit in den privaten Bereich, was nach Torah nicht verboten ist. Das Gleiche gilt natürlich auch in die andere Richtung, also vom Schiff ins Meer oder vom Land ins Meer und so weiter. Was nicht geht, ist vom Schiff aufs Land, denn dabei würde man vom Privaten in den öffentlichen Bereich tragen oder werfen. Zuletzt nannte die Michner den Fall vom Schiff aufs andere Schiff, also vom privaten Bereich, den anderen privaten Bereich. Aus den früheren Michneren wissen wir bereits, dass dies erlaubt ist. Und ein ehemlicher Fall lautet, Sfinot keshrod su vaso met al-telim misol aso Sind Schiffe aneinander gebunden, so kann man Sachen aus einem ins andere bringen. Im ehemlicher Schrot, af al pi me kufot el metatelim misol aso, sind sie nicht verbunden. Wenn gleich aneinander stoßen darf man nicht aus einem ins andere bringen. Wenn die Boote zu einem einzigen privaten Bereich zusammengebunden sind, ist das Tragen von einem Schiff oder von einem Boot zu einem anderen Boot erlaubt. Wenn die Boote nicht zusammengebunden sind und sich zwischen ihnen ein Raum von 4 am Mod befindet, haben wir 2 durch Kamellit getrennte Privatbereiche. Also ein Privatbereich dazwischen Kamellit und wieder ein Privatbereich. Es ist verboten von einem privaten Bereich zu einem privaten Bereich etwas zu tragen, der durch ein Kamellit abgegrenzt ist. Wir wissen aber bereits, dass das Werfen erlaubt ist.