Prophetic Education Through Situations and Events (Khutbah)

Prophetic Education Through Situations and Events Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and blessings and peace be upon His Noble Messenger, and upon his family and all his companions. As for what follows: Among the means that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) employed in the education of his companions (may Allah be pleased with them) is education through situations and events; for they represent a part of the life of the educator, with whom he interacts, by whom he is affected, and through whom he exerts influence. Thus, investing "the specific event" in "the appropriate moment" is a great task among the tasks of Prophetic education. In it there are: faith-based directives, moral refinements, correction of errors, blessed guidance, warning against dangers, alerting against heedlessness, jurisprudence in religion, exhortation and reminder, and adherence to the upright methodology. He, the Most High, said: "There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent example for whoever is hoping for Allah and the Last Day" [Al-Ahzab: 21]. The events and situations that the Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) utilized in the education of his companions (may Allah be pleased with them) are varied, and among them are: 1- Correction of Concepts: Some cosmic phenomena are unusual events that arouse people's interest and prompt them to interpret these events and to learn the approach to dealing with them; as happened when the sun was eclipsed, and after the completion of the eclipse prayer the sun cleared; the Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) interacted with the event to educate and guide his companions, so he addressed the people, praised Allah and extolled Him, then he said: "Indeed, the sun and the moon are two signs among the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse for the death of anyone or for his life. So when you see that, then call upon Allah, glorify Him, pray, and give charity." Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim. So the Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) corrected for them the erroneous concept that had become prevalent in the pre-Islamic period of linking these events to the great ones; whether by death or by birth, then he directed them to take lessons and be admonished by what is in them of indications. 2- Guiding People in Times of Calamities and Difficulties: People face personal calamities and difficulties that leave their mark on their lives, so the Prophet (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) utilized them in education and guidance. From Khabbab ibn al-Aratt (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: We complained to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him) while he was reclining on a cloak of his in the shade of the Ka'bah. We said to him: Will you not seek help for us? Will you not call upon Allah for us? He said: "There was a man among those before you who would be dug into in the ground and placed in it, then a saw would be brought and placed on his head, and he would be split in two, and that would not deter him from his religion. And he would be combed with iron combs beneath his flesh, his bone or his sinew, and that would not deter him from his religion. By Allah, this matter will surely be completed until a rider travels from Sana'a to Hadramawt fearing none but Allah, or the wolf for his sheep, but you are in a hurry." Narrated by al-Bukhari. 3 - Warning people against the expansion of worldly life over them: When the Ansar heard of the arrival of Abu Ubaydah with wealth from Bahrain, they attended the Fajr prayer with the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him. When he finished the prayer, they stood in his way. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, smiled when he saw them, then said: "I think you have heard that Abu Ubaydah has come with something?" They said: "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said: "Then be glad and hope for what pleases you. By Allah, I do not fear poverty for you, but I fear that worldly life will be spread over you as it was spread over those before you, so you will compete for it as they competed for it, and it will destroy you as it destroyed them." Narrated by al-Bukhari. 4 - Utilizing an individual's mistake in addressing the general public: From Abu Humayd al-Sa'idi, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, appointed Ibn al-Utbiyah as the collector of the zakat of Banu Sulaym. When he came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, and he settled accounts with him, he said: "This is what belongs to you, and this is a gift that was given to me." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, said: "Why did you not sit in your father's house and your mother's house until your gift came to you, if you are truthful?" Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, stood up and addressed the people, praised Allah and extolled Him, then said: "As for what follows: I appoint men from you to matters of what Allah has entrusted me with, so one of you comes and says: 'This is for you, and this is a gift that was given to me!' Why did he not sit in his father's house and his mother's house until his gift came to him, if he is truthful? By Allah, no one of you will take anything from it without his right except that he will come to Allah carrying it on the Day of Resurrection. Let me know if a man comes to Allah with a camel that brays [1], or a cow that lowing [2], or a sheep that bleats [3]." Then he raised his hands until I saw the whiteness of his armpits: "Have I not conveyed?" Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim. 5 - Guidance in the case of a collective mistake: From a man of the Ansar who said: We set out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, on a journey, and the people were afflicted with severe need and hardship, and they came upon some sheep, so they plundered them [4]. Our pots were boiling when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, came walking on his bow, and he overturned our pots with his bow, then he began to mix the meat with the earth, then he said: "Plundering [7] is not more lawful than carrion," or "Carrion is not more lawful than plundering." The uncertainty is from Hinnad. Authentic - narrated by Abu Dawud. Al-Khattabi, may Allah have mercy on him, said: "He only prohibited plundering because the plunderer only takes what he takes according to his strength, not according to his entitlement, and this leads to some of them taking more than their share and some of them being deprived of their right, and they only have known shares: for the horse two shares, and for the man one share. When they plunder the spoils, the division is nullified and equality is lost" [8]. The Second Sermon Praise be to Allah... O Muslims: And among the occasions and events that have educational effects: 6- Drawing attention to matters that are hidden from many people: It was narrated from Umar ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: A group of captives [9] came to the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, and there was a woman among the captives who was milking her breast to give drink; whenever she found a child among the captives, she would take him, press him against her belly, and nurse him. So the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, said to us: "Do you think that this woman would throw her child into the fire?" We said: "No, and she is able not to throw him in." He said: "Allah is more merciful to His servants than this woman is to her child." Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim. 7- Addressing common errors: As in the hadith of the three men who belittled the worship of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, and exceeded the prescribed measure, and thought that their need for worship was greater than his need, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him! So he addressed their error and emphasized following him, by saying: "Are you the ones who said such and such? But by Allah, I am the most afraid of you of Allah, and the most pious of you towards Him, but I fast and I break my fast, and I pray and I sleep, and I marry women, so whoever turns away from my Sunnah is not from me." Narrated by al-Bukhari. 8- Correction and rectification of action: It was narrated from Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased with him, who said: We prayed the Maghrib prayer with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, then we said: Let us sit until we pray the Isha prayer with him. He said: So we sat, and he came out to us and said: "Have you been here all this time?" We said: "O Messenger of Allah, we prayed the Maghrib with you, then we said: Let us sit until we pray the Isha with you." He said: "You have done well" or "You have done rightly." Narrated by Muslim. 9- Admonition and reminder: Sometimes the Prophet, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him, would seize the opportunity to admonish his companions and remind them, as in the hadith of al-Bara' ibn 'Azib, may Allah be pleased with him, when he admonished them and reminded them of what befalls each of the believer and the sinner in his grave. And among what came in his admonition, may Allah's blessings and peace be upon him: "Indeed, when the believing servant is in the process of departing from this world and approaching the Hereafter, angels descend to him from the sky with white faces, as if their faces were the sun, with them a shroud from the shrouds of Paradise and perfume from the perfume of Paradise, until they sit at a distance from him equal to the span of the eye. Then the Angel of Death, peace be upon him, comes until he sits at his head, and he says: O pure soul, come out to forgiveness from Allah and pleasure..." Authentic - narrated by Ahmad. And the conclusion - O noble ones - is that the caller, the teacher, the preacher, the role model, the judge, the educator, the father and the mother, and the like of them - all of these - are not in a position to create a specific event; because events and situations occur by the decree of Allah, the Most High, in all matters, whether small or large, equally. But what they - all of them - are able to do is to seize the appropriate opportunity in the various events and situations, and to address that with wisdom and good admonition. And Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, says: "He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever is given wisdom has certainly been given much good." [Al-Baqarah: 269]; and He, Glory be to Him, said: "Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good instruction, and argue with them in a way that is best. Indeed, your Lord is most knowing of who has strayed from His way, and He is most knowing of who is guided." [An-Nahl: 125]. [1] Rughaa': The braying: the sound of camels. See: Al-Nihaya fi Gharib al-Hadith wa al-Athar, (2/ 240).

التربية النبوية بالمواقف والأحداث الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، وَالصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ، أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَمِنَ الْوَسَائِلِ الَّتِي اسْتَخْدَمَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي تَرْبِيَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ التَّرْبِيَةُ بِالْمَوَاقِفِ وَالْأَحْدَاثِ؛ لِأَنَّهَا تُمَثِّلُ جُزْءًا مِنْ حَيَاةِ الْمُرَبِّي، يَتَفَاعَلُ مَعَهَا، وَيَتَأَثَّرُ بِهَا، وَيُؤَثِّرُ مِنْ خِلَالِهَا، فَاسْتِثْمَارُ "الْحَادِثَةِ الْمُعَيَّنَةِ" فِي "اللَّحْظَةِ الْمُنَاسِبَةِ" مُهِمَّةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ مِنْ مُهِمَّاتِ التَّرْبِيَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ، فَفِيهَا: تَوْجِيهَاتٌ إِيمَانِيَّةٌ، وَتَهْذِيبَاتٌ أَخْلَاقِيَّةٌ، وَتَصْحِيحٌ لِلْأَخْطَاءِ، وَتَوْجِيهٌ مُبَارَكٌ، وَتَحْذِيرٌ مِنَ الْأَخْطَارِ، وَتَنْبِيهٌ مِنَ الْغَفَلَاتِ، وَفِقْهٌ فِي الدِّينِ، وَوَعْظٌ وَتَذْكِيرٌ، وَاتِّبَاعٌ لِلْمَنْهَجِ الْقَوِيمِ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿ لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ ﴾ [الْأَحْزَابِ: 21]. وَتَتَنَوَّعُ الْأَحْدَاثُ وَالْمَوَاقِفُ الَّتِي كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُوَظِّفُهَا فِي تَرْبِيَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ: 1- تَصْحِيحُ الْمَفَاهِيمِ : بَعْضُ الظَّوَاهِرِ الْكَوْنِيَّةِ أَحْدَاثٌ غَيْرُ مَأْلُوفَةٍ، تُثِيرُ اهْتِمَامَ النَّاسِ، وَتَدْفَعُهُمْ إِلَى تَفْسِيرِ هَذِهِ الْحَوَادِثِ، وَتَعَرُّفِ مَنْهَجِ التَّعَامُلِ مَعَهَا؛ كَمَا حَدَثَ حِينَمَا خَسَفَتِ الشَّمْسُ، وَبَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ صَلَاةِ الْكُسُوفِ انْجَلَتِ الشَّمْسُ؛ تَفَاعَلَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مَعَ الْحَدَثِ لِتَرْبِيَةِ أَصْحَابِهِ وَتَوْجِيهِهِمْ، فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: « إِنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ آيَتَانِ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ لَا يَنْخَسِفَانِ لِمَوْتِ أَحَدٍ، وَلَا لِحَيَاتِهِ، فَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَادْعُوا اللَّهَ، وَكَبِّرُوا، وَصَلُّوا، وَتَصَدَّقُوا » رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ. فَالنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَحَّحَ لَهُمُ الْمَفْهُومَ الْخَاطِئَ الَّذِي شَاعَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ بِرَبْطِ هَذِهِ الْأَحْدَاثِ بِالْعُظَمَاءِ؛ مَوْتًا، أَوْ وِلَادَةً، ثُمَّ وَجَّهَهُمْ لِلِاعْتِبَارِ وَالِاتِّعَاظِ بِمَا فِيهَا مِنْ دَلَالَاتٍ. 2- تَوْجِيهُ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ الْمَصَائِبِ وَالْمُشْكِلَاتِ : تُوَاجِهُ النَّاسَ مَصَائِبُ وَمُشْكِلَاتٌ شَخْصِيَّةٌ تَتْرُكُ أَثَرَهَا عَلَى حَيَاتِهِمْ، فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُوَظِّفُهَا فِي التَّرْبِيَةِ وَالتَّوْجِيهِ، عَنْ خَبَّابِ بْنِ الْأَرَتِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: شَكَوْنَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهْوَ مُتَوَسِّدٌ بُرْدَةً لَهُ فِي ظِلِّ الْكَعْبَةِ، قُلْنَا لَهُ: أَلَا تَسْتَنْصِرُ لَنَا؟ أَلَا تَدْعُو اللَّهَ لَنَا؟ قَالَ: « كَانَ الرَّجُلُ فِيمَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ يُحْفَرُ لَهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيُجْعَلُ فِيهِ، فَيُجَاءُ بِالْمِنْشَارِ فَيُوضَعُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَيُشَقُّ بِاثْنَتَيْنِ، وَمَا يَصُدُّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَيُمْشَطُ بِأَمْشَاطِ الْحَدِيدِ مَا دُونَ لَحْمِهِ مِنْ عَظْمٍ أَوْ عَصَبٍ، وَمَا يَصُدُّهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَاللَّهِ لَيُتِمَّنَّ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ، حَتَّى يَسِيرَ الرَّاكِبُ مِنْ صَنْعَاءَ إِلَى حَضْرَمَوْتَ لَا يَخَافُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ، أَوِ الذِّئْبَ عَلَى غَنَمِهِ، وَلَكِنَّكُمْ تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ » رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. 3- تَحْذِيرُ النَّاسِ مِنَ انْبِسَاطِ الدُّنْيَا عَلَيْهِمْ : لَمَّا سَمِعَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ بِقُدُومِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بِمَالٍ مِنَ الْبَحْرَيْنِ، فَوَافَوْا صَلَاةَ الْفَجْرِ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ، تَعَرَّضُوا لَهُ، فَتَبَسَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ حِينَ رَآهُمْ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: « أَظُنُّكُمْ قَدْ سَمِعْتُمْ أَنَّ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ قَدْ جَاءَ بِشَيْءٍ؟ »قَالُوا: أَجَلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ : « فَأَبْشِرُوا، وَأَمِّلُوا مَا يَسُرُّكُمْ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَا الْفَقْرَ أَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَكِنْ أَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ تُبْسَطَ عَلَيْكُمُ الدُّنْيَا، كَمَا بُسِطَتْ عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، فَتَنَافَسُوهَا، كَمَا تَنَافَسُوهَا، وَتُهْلِكَكُمْ، كَمَا أَهْلَكَتْهُمْ » رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. 4- تَوْظِيفُ الْخَطَأِ الْفَرْدِيِّ فِي خِطَابِ عَامَّةِ النَّاسِ : عَنْ أَبِي حُمَيْدٍ السَّاعِدِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ؛ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ اسْتَعْمَلَ ابْنَ الْأُتْبِيَّةِ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَحَاسَبَهُ، قَالَ: هَذَا الَّذِي لَكُمْ، وَهَذِهِ هَدِيَّةٌ أُهْدِيَتْ لِي، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: « فَهَلَّا جَلَسْتَ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِيكَ، وَبَيْتِ أُمِّكَ حَتَّى تَأْتِيَكَ هَدِيَّتُكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا ؟»، ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ، وَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: « أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَإِنِّي أَسْتَعْمِلُ رِجَالًا مِنْكُمْ عَلَى أُمُورٍ مِمَّا وَلَّانِي اللَّهُ، فَيَأْتِي أَحَدُكُمْ، فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا لَكُمْ، وَهَذِهِ هَدِيَّةٌ أُهْدِيَتْ لِي! فَهَلَّا جَلَسَ فِي بَيْتِ أَبِيهِ، وَبَيْتِ أُمِّهِ، حَتَّى تَأْتِيَهُ هَدِيَّتُهُ، إِنْ كَانَ صَادِقًا؟ فَوَاللَّهِ لَا يَأْخُذُ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ حَقِّهِ، إِلَّا جَاءَ اللَّهَ يَحْمِلُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، أَلَا فَلَأَعْرِفَنَّ مَا جَاءَ اللَّهَ رَجُلٌ بِبَعِيرٍ لَهُ رُغَاءٌ [1] ، أَوْ بِبَقَرَةٍ لَهَا خُوَارٌ [2] ، أَوْ شَاةٍ تَيْعِرُ [3] »، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَيَاضَ إِبْطَيْهِ: « أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ » رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ. 5- التَّوْجِيهُ عِنْدَ الْخَطَأِ الْجَمَاعِيِّ : عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ قَالَ: خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَفَرٍ فَأَصَابَ النَّاسَ حَاجَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ وَجَهْدٌ، وَأَصَابُوا غَنَمًا، فَانْتَهَبُوهَا [4] ، فَإِنَّ قُدُورَنَا لَتَغْلِي إِذْ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَمْشِي عَلَى قَوْسِهِ، فَأَكْفَأَ [5] قُدُورَنَا بِقَوْسِهِ، ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يُرَمِّلُ [6] اللَّحْمَ بِالتُّرَابِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: « إِنَّ النُّهْبَةَ [7] لَيْسَتْ بِأَحَلَّ مِنَ الْمَيْتَةِ »، أَوْ « إِنَّ الْمَيْتَةَ لَيْسَتْ بِأَحَلَّ مِنَ النُّهْبَةِ » الشَّكُّ مِنْ هَنَّادٍ. صَحِيحٌ - رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ. قَالَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: (إِنَّمَا نَهَى عَنِ النَّهْبِ؛ لِأَنَّ النَّاهِبَ إِنَّمَا يَأْخُذُ مَا يَأْخُذُهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ قُوَّتِهِ لَا عَلَى قَدْرِ اسْتِحْقَاقِهِ، فَيُؤَدِّي ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْ يَأْخُذَ بَعْضُهُمْ فَوْقَ حَظِّهِ، وَأَنْ يُبْخَسَ بَعْضُهُمْ حَقَّهُ، وَإِنَّمَا لَهُمْ سِهَامٌ مَعْلُومَةٌ: لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَانِ، وَلِلرَّجُلِ سَهْمٌ، فَإِذَا انْتَهَبُوا الْغَنِيمَةَ؛ بَطَلَتِ الْقِسْمَةُ، وَعُدِمَتِ التَّسْوِيَةُ) [8] . الخطبة الثانية الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ... أَيُّهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ: وَمِنَ الْمَوَاقِفِ وَالْأَحْدَاثِ الَّتِي لَهَا آثَارٌ تَرْبَوِيَّةٌ: 6- التَّنْبِيهُ عَلَى أُمُورٍ تَخْفَى عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ : عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: قَدِمَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَبْيٌ [9] ، فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ السَّبْيِ قَدْ تَحْلُبُ ثَدْيَهَا تَسْقِي؛ إِذَا وَجَدَتْ صَبِيًّا فِي السَّبْيِ أَخَذَتْهُ، فَأَلْصَقَتْهُ بِبَطْنِهَا، وَأَرْضَعَتْهُ، فَقَالَ لَنَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: « أَتَرَوْنَ هَذِهِ طَارِحَةً وَلَدَهَا فِي النَّارِ ؟» قُلْنَا: لَا، وَهِيَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ لَا تَطْرَحَهُ، فَقَالَ: « اللَّهُ أَرْحَمُ بِعِبَادِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ بِوَلَدِهَا » رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُسْلِمٌ. 7- مُعَالَجَةُ الْأَخْطَاءِ الشَّائِعَةِ : كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ تَقَالُّوا عِبَادَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَتَجَاوَزُوا الْقَدْرَ الشَّرْعِيَّ، وَرَأَوْا أَنَّ حَاجَتَهُمْ لِلْعِبَادَةِ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ! فَعَالَجَ خَطَأَهُمْ، وَأَكَّدَ الِاقْتِدَاءَ بِهِ، بِقَوْلِهِ: « أَنْتُمُ الَّذِينَ قُلْتُمْ كَذَا وَكَذَا؟! أَمَا وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَخْشَاكُمْ لِلَّهِ، وَأَتْقَاكُمْ لَهُ، لَكِنِّي أَصُومُ وَأُفْطِرُ، وَأُصَلِّي وَأَرْقُدُ، وَأَتَزَوَّجُ النِّسَاءَ، فَمَنْ رَغِبَ عَنْ سُنَّتِي؛ فَلَيْسَ مِنِّي » رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. 8- التَّسْدِيدُ، وَتَصْوِيبُ الْعَمَلِ : عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: صَلَّيْنَا الْمَغْرِبَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ثُمَّ قُلْنَا: لَوْ جَلَسْنَا حَتَّى نُصَلِّيَ مَعَهُ الْعِشَاءَ، قَالَ: فَجَلَسْنَا، فَخَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ: « مَا زِلْتُمْ هَا هُنَا ؟» قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، صَلَّيْنَا مَعَكَ الْمَغْرِبَ، ثُمَّ قُلْنَا: نَجْلِسُ حَتَّى نُصَلِّيَ مَعَكَ الْعِشَاءَ، قَالَ: « أَحْسَنْتُمْ » أَوْ « أَصَبْتُمْ » رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ. 9- الْوَعْظُ وَالتَّذْكِيرُ : أَحْيَانًا يَغْتَنِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الْمَوْقِفَ لِوَعْظِ أَصْحَابِهِ وَتَذْكِيرِهِمْ، كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، حِينَ وَعَظَهُمْ، وَذَكَّرَهُمْ بِمَا يُصِيبُ كُلًّا مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَالْفَاجِرِ فِي قَبْرِهِ، وَمِمَّا جَاءَ فِي مَوْعِظَتِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: « إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ الْمُؤْمِنَ إِذَا كَانَ فِي انْقِطَاعٍ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا، وَإِقْبَالٍ مِنَ الْآخِرَةِ؛ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَائِكَةٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِيضُ الْوُجُوهِ، كَأَنَّ وُجُوهَهُمُ الشَّمْسُ، مَعَهُمْ كَفَنٌ مِنْ أَكْفَانِ الْجَنَّةِ، وَحَنُوطٌ مِنْ حَنُوطِ الْجَنَّةِ، حَتَّى يَجْلِسُوا مِنْهُ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ، ثُمَّ يَجِيءُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ عِنْدَ رَأْسِهِ، فَيَقُولُ: أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الطَّيِّبَةُ، اخْرُجِي إِلَى مَغْفِرَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرِضْوَانٍ ...» صَحِيحٌ - رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ. وَالْخُلَاصَةُ – يَا كِرَامُ : أَنَّ الدَّاعِيَةَ، وَالْمُعَلِّمَ، وَالْخَطِيبَ، وَالْقُدْوَةَ، وَالْقَاضِيَ، وَالْمُرَبِّيَ، وَالْأَبَ وَالْأُمَّ، وَنَحْوَهُمْ – كُلَّ هَؤُلَاءِ – لَيْسَ فِي اسْتِطَاعَتِهِمْ أَنْ يَفْتَعِلُوا حَدَثًا مُعَيَّنًا؛ لِأَنَّ الْأَحْدَاثَ وَالْمَوَاقِفَ تَجْرِي بِقَدَرِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فِي جَمِيعِ الْأُمُورِ صَغِيرِهَا وَكَبِيرِهَا سَوَاءً، وَلَكِنَّ الَّذِي يَسْتَطِيعُهُ – هَؤُلَاءِ جَمِيعًا – هُوَ انْتِهَازُ الْفُرْصَةِ الْمُنَاسِبَةِ فِي الْأَحْدَاثِ وَالْمَوَاقِفِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ، وَمُعَالَجَةُ ذَلِكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ، وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ، وَاللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى ﴿ يُؤْتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا ﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: 269]؛ وَقَالَ سُبْحَانَهُ: ﴿ ادْعُ إِلَى سَبِيلِ رَبِّكَ بِالْحِكْمَةِ وَالْمَوْعِظَةِ الْحَسَنَةِ وَجَادِلْهُمْ بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنْ ضَلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِهِ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِالْمُهْتَدِينَ ﴾ [النَّحْلِ: 125]. [1] رُغَاءٌ : الرُّغَاءُ: صوتُ الْإِبِلِ. انظر: النهاية في غريب الحديث والأثر، (2/ 240).